Probiotics & Nutraceuticals

The use of probiotics for farm animals has increased considerably over the last 15 years. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms which can confer a health benefit for the host when administered in appropriate and regular quantities. Once ingested, the probiotic microorganisms can modulate the balance and activities of the gastrointestinal microbiota, whose role is fundamental to gut homeostasis. It has been demonstrated that numerous factors, such as dietary and management constraints, can strongly affect the structure and activities of the gut microbial communities, leading to impaired health and performance in livestock animals.

Emerging multi-drug resistant pathogens are the main driving force behind the efforts to find an alternative treatment approach such as probiotics. Probiotics are considered living drugs that can reduce the consumption of conventional antibiotics and improve human and animal health. Particularly, bacterial origin probiotics became increasingly popular during the last two decades as a result of the continuously expanding scientific evidence pointing to their beneficial effects on human and animal health. 

Probiotics are gaining more and more interest as alternatives for antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs. However, their mode of action is poorly understood. This review will present examples of probiotic actions from three general modes of actions into which probiotic effects can be classified. Probiotics might modulate the host's immune system, affect other microorganisms directly or act on microbial products, host products or food components. 

Probiotics are living microorganism that are good for health & digestion while consuming. Probiotic bacteria have the property which is deposit in our alimentary canal and kills bad bacteria, it does not disturb the good bacteria which is present in our Gut and intestine. Antimicrobial proteins are one which is killing the unwanted microorganism in the host. Antimicrobial proteins are acting against the harmful microbes.

• Antimicrobial proteins
• Probiotic bacteria
• Bifidobacterium lactis HN019

Gastrointestinal health deals with the proper health aspect of GI tract. Various disorders are caused by the harmful bacteria present in our stomach. The most common problem occurring in GI tract is Constipation & Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Peptic Ulcer Disease, Belching, Bloating, Flatulence, Nausea and Vomiting are the common problem in GI tract. Probiotics are the living good microorganism which is curing the IBS & other related disorders. Probiotics are important for the GI health.

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
• Peptic Ulcer Disease

Nutraceuticals are the fortified food products derived from food sources taken as supplements to provide extra health benefits & treating/curing the diseases. It is also called Dietary supplements & Functional foods. It can prevent chronic diseases, improve health, delay the aging, increase life expectancy, or support the structure or function of the body. Dietary supplements are necessary for dietary activity of our body.

• structure or function of the body
• necessary for dietary activity of our body

Food technology is the branch of Nourishment science that arrangements with production and process of food. Food technology mainly deals with the Bioprocess technology. Various techniques are following under food technology. Dairy technology manages the handling of milk and milk products. Dairy innovation includes preparing, packaging, storing, distribution and transportation of dairy items by suggesting the study of bacteriology, nutrition and organic chemistry.

• cooperative, creamery
• waitressing
• Babcock testing station

Pediatrics is the branch of medical science which involves the baby care, medical care of infants, child & adolescents. Probiotics are used to treat acute viral gastroenteritis & antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children’s. Probiotics increases the weight in very low birth weight infants. Diarrhea is the major concern for children whereas probiotic supplements are the best remedy for them to maintain their GI tract healthy.

• acute viral gastroenteritis
• antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Prebiotics are the non-digestible food ingredients that affect the intestinal flora of the host by stimulating the growth of beneficial microorganisms (bacteria) in the gut to improve health of host. Prebiotics should be consumed through food rather than a supplement. Prebiotics is importantly used for weight loss of our body & burning the abdominal fat.

• weight loss of our body & burning the abdominal fat
• non-digestible food ingredients

Probiotics are safe it is health supplement for the diet. The side effects of Probiotics are very rare, it can cause short term side effects are temporary increase mild gas & bloating which is caused by Bacteria-based probiotic supplements & may experience constipation and increased thirst due to yeast-based supplements

• It is health supplement for the diet
• Increase mild gas & bloating

Gut bacteria are regulating the body weight of our body. Belly fat is due to over consumption of food containing excess fat. In which bad flora present in our gut region does not eliminate this fat from our large intestine. This condition leads to excess weight & belly bloat whereas consuming probiotics will help to ease digestive woes & reduce the belly fat. Probiotics may inhibit the absorption of dietary fat, increasing the amount of fat excreted with feces.

• Over consumption of food
• Probiotics may inhibit the absorption of dietary fat

A food which is given an additional function which relates to disease prevention or health promotion with added ingredients that are not present in that food stuff or more of an existing ingredient. They may have physiological benefits and reduces the chance of chronic diseases and consumed along with daily diet     

• Additional function which relates to disease prevention


• physiological benefits and reduces the chance of chronic diseases

Food chemistry is the branch of Food Science and it deals with the chemical process and the interactions of both biological and non-biological substances in food and its composition, physical and chemical properties, structure that takes place during various levels of processing and utilization. Three basic structural groups include fats, carbohydrates and proteins.

• Chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods
•  Biogeochemistry

Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms. Various antimicrobial drugs, pesticides & disinfectant are used for disease prevention & control in aquaculture. Disease resistant strains of bacteria are developing because of evolution. Thus, the alternative strategy is Probiotics which is used to prevention of pathogenic infections, development of the immune system & increased nutrition in the aquatic species.

• Antimicrobial drugs
• Used to prevention of pathogenic infections